The Florence Charter: Historic Gardens (1982)

Preface: The Florence Charter: Historic Gardens was adopted by the ICOMOS-IFLA International Committee for Historic Gardens, Florence, 21 May, 1981, and was adopted by ICOMOS in December 1982.

The Florence Charter sets forth the principles and guidelines for the preservation of historic gardens. The Charter defines historic gardens as architectural compositions and recommends their preservation as living monuments. It outlines strategies for maintenance, conservation, restoration, and reconstruction of gardens, including their plans, vegetation, structural and decorative features, and use of water. It recommends limiting use in order to protect gardens’ fabric and cultural message. It also addresses legal and administrative issues. The Charter was adopted in 1982 as an addendum to the Venice Charter, addressing the needs of a specific class of cultural property.

Category

Date

1982

Promulgation

The ICOMOS-IFLA International Committee for Historic Gardens, Florence, 21 May, 1981.

Descriptions

• The Florence Charter sets forth the principles and guidelines for the preservation of historic gardens. The Charter defines historic gardens as architectural compositions and recommends their preservation as living monuments.
• It outlines strategies for maintenance, conservation, restoration, and reconstruction of gardens, including their plans, vegetation, structural and decorative features, and use of water.
• It recommends limiting use in order to protect gardens’ fabric and cultural message. It also addresses legal and administrative issues.
• The Charter was adopted in 1982 as an addendum to the Venice Charter, addressing the needs of a specific class of cultural property.

Source

 http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/gardens_e.pdf

Download

 http://orcp.hustoj.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/1981-THE-FLORENCE-CHARTER-1981.pdf

References

• The Florence Charter: Historic Gardens (1981)
  •  http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/gardens_e.pdf
  • http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/historic-gardens/
  • O’Donnell, P.M., 2014.  Florence Charter on Historic Gardens (1982). In: Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2812–2817.
  • Carneiro, A. R. S., Menezes, J. F., & Mesquita, L. (2005).  The conservation of historical gardens in a multidisciplinary context: the” Cactário da Madalena”, Recife, Brazil. City & Time, 1(2).
• Recommendation for the Safeguarding and Preservation of Moving Images (1980)
  •  http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001140/114029e.pdf
  • Walsh, J. (1974).  Soviet-American Copyright Deals-Better Where Barter Is Possible. Science, 186(4166), 805–807. doi:10.1126/science.186.4166.805
  •  Universal Copyright Convention. (1953). Nature, 171, 956.
• World Day for Audiovisual Heritage
  • http://www.un.org/en/events/audiovisualday/background.shtml
  •  http://www.girona.cat/web/sgdap/docs/declaracio_arxius_audiovisuals-2015-DEF_ENG.pdf
  • UNESCO instrument for the safeguarding and preservation of the audiovisual heritage. http://www.ccaaa.org/docs/ccaaa_heritage.pdf
  • http://www.memnon.be/Ourcollectivememory/Ourcollectivememory/tabid/119/language/en-US/Default.aspx
• The Universal Copyright Convention (1952). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/10/10/the-ucc-1952/
• The Universal Copyright Convention of 1971 (1971). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/11/13/copyright-1971/
• Recommendation for the Protection of Movable Cultural Property (1978).
  • http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/12/30/recommendation-1978/
  •  http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001140/114032e.pdf#page=176
  •  http://orcp.hustoj.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/1978-Recommendation-for-the-Protection-of-Movable-Cultural-Property-1978.pdf
  •  http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0006/000603/060309eo.pdf
  • http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13137&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
    • English:  http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001140/114032e.pdf#page=176
    • Chinese: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001140/114032cb.pdf#page=1
• Recommendation for the Protection of Movable Cultural Property (1978).
  • Nelson, N.C., 1937.  Prehistoric Archeology, Past, Present and Future. Science, 85 (2195), 81–89.
  • Lomax, A. and Berkowitz, N., 1972.  The Evolutionary Taxonomy of Culture. Science, 177 (4045), 228–239.
  • Graham, G.M., 1987. Protection and Reversion of Cultural Property: Issues of Definition and Justification. The International Lawyer, 21 (3), 755–793.
• The SPAB Manifesto (1877). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/10/08/the-spab-manifesto/
• Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (1954). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/10/11/hague_convention1954/
• Recommendation on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (1964).  http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/10/24/illicit-import-1964/
• Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (1970). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/11/03/means-1970-2/
• The Charter of Machu Picchu (1977).
  • http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/12/30/charter-of-machu-picchu-1977/
  •  http://orcp.hustoj.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/1977-The-Charter-of-Machu-Picchu.pdf
  • Le Corbusier,  Principios De Urbanismo, Barcelona: Ariel, 1975 (Titulo del original Frances: LA Charte D’Athenes, Collection Forces Vives—Editions de Minuit).
  •  The Charter of Machu Picchu, 1979. Journal of Architectural Research, 7 (2), 5–9.
  • Seidel, A., Gibson, J., Preiser, W.F.E., and Pellish, D.M., 1979.  Four Commentaries on the Charter. Journal of Architectural Research, 7 (2), 10–12.
  • Built Heritage and Sustainable Tourism.  http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/29226/InTech-Built_heritage_and_sustainable_tourism_conceptual_economic_and_social_variables.pdf
• Charter of Athens (1933). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/10/10/charter-of-athens-1933/.
• Recommendation Concerning the Safeguarding and Contemporary Role of Historic Areas (1976).
  • http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13133&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
  • http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/12/29/recommendation-1976/
  •  http://www.icomos.org/publications/93towns7o.pdf
  • English:  http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001140/114038e.pdf#page=136
  • Chinese:  http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001140/114038cb.pdf#page=1
• The Conservation of old cities as part of the cultural heritage, seen within the context of modern urbanization
• Cultural Tourism (1976). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/12/29/cultural-tourism-1976/
• The Role of the ICOMOS in Cultural Tourism at World Heritage Sites.  http://www.icomos.org/publications/93sy_tou10.pdf
• ICOMOS International Cultural Tourism Charter (Managing Tourism at Places of Heritage Significance, 1999).
  •  http://www.icomos.org/charters/tourism_e.pdf
  •  http://orcp.hustoj.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/1999-ICOMOS-International-Cultural-Tourism-Charter.pdf
  • http://www.whitr-ap.org/index.php?classid=1483&newsid=2316&t=show
• Resolutions of the International Symposium on the Conservation of Smaller Historic Towns (1975). http://www.icomos.org/en/charters-and-texts/180-articles-en-francais/chartes-et-normes/384-resolutions-of-the-international-symposium-on-the-conservation-of-smaller-historic-towns-at-the-4th-icomos-general-assembly
• Resolutions of the International Symposium on the Conservation of Smaller Historic Towns (1975). http://www.icomos.org/index.php/en/what-we-do/disseminating-knowledge/publicationall/other-publications/116-english-categories/resources/publications/394-colloque-sur-la-conservation-des-petites-villes-historiques–symposium-on-the-conservation-of-smaller-historic-towns
• European Charter of the Architectural Heritage (1975). http://www.icomos.org/en/charters-and-texts/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and-standards/170-european-charter-of-the-architectural-heritage
• International Charters on Conservation: The Lost C(L)auses.  http://www.ceci-br.org/novo/revista/docs2008/CT-2008-120.pdf
• Centre de Documentation de l’ICOMOS.  http://mestrado-reabilitacao.fa.utl.pt/disciplinas/jaguiar/icomoshistorictowns.pdf
• European Charter of the Architectural Heritage (1975). http://www.unescobkk.org/fileadmin/user_upload/culture/cultureMain/Instruments/European_Charter.pdf
• Initiative for a European Cultural Heritage Year.  http://www.dnk.de/_uploads/media/1870_2015-11-20_ECHY%E2%80%93Status%20Report.pdf
• Declaration of Amsterdam (1975). http://www.international.icomos.org/en/charters-and-texts/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and-standards/169-the-declaration-of-amsterdam.
• Draft Opinion: Towards an integrated approach to cultural heritage for Europe.  http://www.europanostra.org/UPLOADS/FILS/20150226-CommitteRegions-Opinion-CulturalHeritage.pdf
• Declaration of Amsterdam (1975). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maria_Bostenaru_Dan/publication/200038775_The_Cultural_Value_of_the_Built_Heritage_in_the_International_Documents_Dedicated_to_the_Preservation_of_the_Cultural_Heritage/links/0d50ae560eacbe9be2e9e867.pdf
• European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (1969). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/11/02/archaeology-1969/
• European Cultural Convention (1954). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/10/10/european-cultural-convention/
• International Urban Conservation Charters: Catalytic or Passive Tools of Urban Conservation Practices Among Developing Countries.  http://www.ceci-br.org/novo/revista/docs2008/CT-2008-106.pdf
• The World Heritage Convention. http://whc.unesco.org/en/convention/
• Basic Texts of the 1972 World Heritage Convention – UNESCO.  http://orcp.hustoj.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/1972-Basic-Texts-of-the-1972-World-Heritage-Convention-UNESCO.pdf
• The World Heritage Convention: An Overview – ICOMOS.  http://www.icomos.org/publications/93touris1.pdf
• List of World Heritage Sites in China. http://orcp.hustoj.com/collections/world-heritage-list-china/
• Memory of the World in China. http://orcp.hustoj.com/collections/memory-of-the-world/
• Recommendation Concerning International Competitions in Architecture and Town Planning (1956). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/10/11/town-planning-1956/
• Records of The General Conference, Ninth Session, New Delhi, 1956. (Full text, original documents)  1956-12-5-Records of The General Conference, Ninth Session, New Delhi, 1956
• Revised Recommendation Concerning International Competitions in Architecture and Town Planning (27 Nov. 1978).
  • Original URL: http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13134&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
  • English:  1978-Revised Recommendation concerning International Competitions in Architecture and Town Planning
  • Chinese:  1978-Revised Recommendation concerning International Competitions in Architecture and Town Planning-CN
• Draft Regulations For International Competitions In Architecture, Paris, 30 August 1954, UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0016/001607/160785eb.pdf
• Revision of The Recommendation Concerning International Competitions in Architecture and Town Planning (1956).  http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0002/000277/027743EB.pdf
• Community as Myth and Reality in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention. In: Nicolas Adell, Regina F. Bendix, Chiara Bortolotto & Markus Tauschek (eds.) Between Imagined Communities and Communities of Practice: Participation, Territory and the Making of Heritage, pp. 273-286. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Gottingen, 2015.   http://orcp.hustoj.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2015-Between-Imagined-Communities-and-Communities-of-Practice.pdf
• UNESCO, 1972.  UNESCO CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE. International Legal Materials, 11 (6), 1358–1366.
•  Universal Copyright Convention. (1953). Nature, 171, 956.
• United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 1972.  UNESCO Recommendation Concerning the Protection, at a National Level, of the Cultural and Natural Heritage. International Legal Materials, 11 (6), 1367–1374.
• Walsh, J. (1974).  Soviet-American Copyright Deals-Better Where Barter Is Possible. Science, 186(4166), 805–807. doi:10.1126/science.186.4166.805
• Merryman, J.H., 1986.  Two Ways of Thinking About Cultural Property. The American Journal of International Law, 80 (4), 831–853.
• Merryman, J.H., 1989. The Public Interest in Cultural Property. California Law Review, 77 (2), 339–364.
• Burns, G. (1991).  Deterioration of our cultural heritage. Nature, 352(6337), 658–660. doi:10.1038/352658a0
• Blake, J. (2000).  On Defining the Cultural Heritage. The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 49(1), 61–85.
• Balter, M. (2000). Artifacts Prompt Tug-of-War. Science, 287(5450), 33b–33. doi:10.1126/science.287.5450.33b.   Artifacts Prompt Tug-of-War-Science
• Ahmad, Y., 2006.  The Scope and Definitions of Heritage From Tangible to Intangible. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 12 (3), 292–300.
• Schaaf, T. (2003). UNESCO’s experience with the protection of sacred natural sites for biodiversity conservation. In:   The Importance of Sacred Natural Sites for Biological Conservation-Paris (UNESCO)-Proceedings of the International Workshop, Kunming and Xishuangbanna, China. pp. 13-20.
• Meskell, L., 2013.  UNESCO’s World Heritage Convention at 40: Challenging the Economic and Political Order of International Heritage Conservation. Current Anthropology, 54 (4), 483–494.
• Jokilehto, Jukka. “International charters on urban conservation: some thoughts on the principles expressed in current international doctrine.” City & Time 3, no. 3 (2007): 2.

Intellectual Property